Maintaining Project Management in the Built Environment

Keeping up Project Management in the Built Environment â€Å"The UKs development industry has been getting a charge out of a time of solid development, with the framework and the business development parts at the bleeding edge of this trend.† (Corporate watch, 2004) The natural gatherings of UK, for example, the Construction Industry Environmental Forum (CIEF), The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), Envirowise, Construction Industry Council (CIC), Defra, Environment Agency, Corporate Watch, and so on are increasingly careful and dynamic to assembled condition explicitly in the UK development industry. Their one of the principle goals is to improve the manageability and ecological execution of development. Subsequently it need an efficient preplan and to look after it; that implies venture the board. Presently the inquiry come that, does it extremely essential to keep up a task the board in the fabricated condition explicitly in the UK development industry.  · Background: There is no uncertainty that the development ventures in assembled condition today face a larger number of difficulties than before. The cutting edge business condition is working in a profoundly tempestuous time. Interest for operational exercises to accomplish adequacy and proficiency, the earth has expanded the requirement for authoritative responsibility both in broad daylight and private segment. The UK development industry is a developing division and creating step by step. For this situation venture the executives is seen as an instrument that causes the association to do chosen venture viably and effectively. This task the executives device in the fabricated condition doesn't ensure the undertaking achievement. It has been seen that some venture finished inside the decided time and meet all necessities, yet has not succeed. Then again, some undertaking apparent as fruitful however they have neglected to meet the most significant models. In any case, in an undertaking situation, the venture the executives can give the accomplishment of task and hierarchical objectives. What's more, venture the executives presents a more prominent affirmation to the partners that all assets are used and overseen adequately. â€Å"Projects fall flat at a disturbing rate. Quantitative assessments show that the same number of as 30% of activities are dropped before finishing, burning through constantly cash and exertion spent on them. Enduring activities as a rule neglect to convey the full introductory task scope or convey late or overwhelm the budget†. (William, 2002). Undertaking the board is significant when result is nonappearance of appropriate venture the executives or task the executives isn't applied appropriately to the activities. Proceeds with changes in venture scope, the interest for effective undertaking the board is risen to augment the assets. â€Å"Effective venture the executives will help: meet or surpass client desires, expand the utilization of your assets (time, individuals, cash, space, and so forth.), carry the task to a fruitful end on schedule and inside spending plan, archive what was accomplished for any need of future reference, and construct trust in your group for future projects†. (Glenn ,2007)  · Aims of the thesis: The point of this exposition is to research the significance of task the executives in the fabricated condition, explicitly in the UK development industry.  · Method of the thesis: The strategy for this exposition is outer referencing. Diaries and reference books are utilized as the wellspring of information to this thesis. Materials are gathered on the web, libraries and different modes of examination.  · Results: One or two sentences demonstrating the fundamental discoveries. For the bit of globalization and overall rivalry development firms are not worry with achieve the work inside as far as possible and financial plan; and get benefit, They are contending with how productively, precisely achieve the task with most noteworthy sum benefit just as appropriate execution of the undertaking.  · Conclusions: One sentence giving the most significant outcome of the work. 2. To survey the criticalness, structure and execution of Project Management in manufactured condition basically in the UK development industry. Development Industry Environmental Forum, UK says that their goals and mission is to improve the manageability and natural execution of development, by giving a cross-segment and free discussion for the trading of new thoughts and exhibit of best practice. 2.1. The targets of Construction Industry Environmental Forum Their targets are Exhibit the usage and estimation of supportability best practice To distinguish the boundaries and advance handy arrangements To give briefings on the most recent authoritative changes To grandstand instances of best practice and advancement, and the business benefits To aid the creation of fitting best practice direction To advance examination in feasible development Scatter the consequences of new examination and direction that can assist with conveying an increasingly practical constructed condition. 2.2. Key subjects of Project Management in manufactured condition primarily The key subjects are- Biodiversity and natural life Vitality use and environmental change Execution estimation Arranging urban recovery Maintainable asset use Tainted land Natural administration Supportability bookkeeping and revealing The inside condition Social and corporate duty Squander the executives, reusing and materials Acquisition and present day strategies for development 2.3. Representation Fast Globalization has made so much contamination that the individuals of the world are presently mindful to assemble condition cordial development. Government has forced numerous guidelines and guidelines on development ventures. This makes the development extends progressively complex to do. Expanding measure of the opposition in development enterprises are currently accentuation on the precision and the proficiency of work just as the earth neighborliness. So a legitimate administration and entrenched arrangement is expected to confront this circumstance. Subsequently the need of task the board went to an inquiry in of venture the board in the manufactured condition explicitly in the UK development industry. The aptitudes in Project the executives are not mystery craftsmanship particularly in constructed condition. In with respect to development venture accomplishment there are a few strategies that ought to be created. Presently let see what a task the board implies. â€Å"A venture is some general errand which has a determinable start and a quantifiable end. It comprises of various related and ward exercises, all of which use assets, and whereupon there are forced inside and outer conditions† (Marttino, 1968) â€Å"Project the executives in development is a useful, simple to-peruse manual for characterizing, sorting out, arranging, and executing a development venture with the goal that it is finished as per the general inclination of the head stakeholders†.( Research and markets,2004) The Project support gets the undertakings due. The support claims by and large obligation of coordinating and sorting out for the venture. Asides that, the support settle different issues around scope, calendar, spending plan, and staffing and quickens account for the task. Unquestionably the backers need to get benefit and continuous cash dissemination from their speculation and contribute where they the hazard is low. To draw in them anticipate the executives is an appealing instrument. Task the executives guarantees ideal execution of their activity, appropriate utilization of assets and finishes the undertaking inside as far as possible. 2.4. Fundamental Elements of task Fundamentally the components of any venture are Tasks the things association/firm do Assets the things association/firm use, comprising of men, cash, materials, machines and time. Conditions or limitations under which association/firm should work, for example, conveyances and cutoff times. Assets might be fixed, variable or joined. At the point when assets are utilized proficiently, they are supposed to be leveled. Arranging is done autonomously of assets thought. The allotting of assets to an arrangement decides the timetable consequently. Since length gauges are just suppositions, it is significant that dynamic control be kept up. System investigation is an apparatus for controlling, just as arranging. â€Å"Even associations that have set up a proper Project Management Office need an official boss, especially when the workplace is understaffed.† (Don, 2007) 2.5. Life pattern of an undertaking Presently let perceive how the Life pattern of an undertaking is Venture improvement and primer building Offering and agreement exchange Building structure Buy and acquisition Development Charging (Prasanna,P-28.8) Figure 2: life pattern of a venture (Prasanna,P-28.8) Venture the executives is the essential methods which control the hierarchical methodology. Activities are to be said as one of a kind units of work that put without hesitation the approaches and procedures of an association. â€Å"Construction ventures are straightforwardly connected with the key vision and crucial the association. To the extent proprietors or administrators of physical offices are concerned, development ventures are the methods for supporting their authoritative objectives. Associations are continually confronted with new requests on their physical offices. Proprietors of offices are consistently re-molding the manner in which they plan and compose their work rehearses, which thusly legitimately impacts the exhibition of their physical facilities.† (Michael,2004) In the field of UK development industry the significance and need of venture the executives is a significant issue, since all association, regardless of whether huge or little, at once or other, are occupied with controlling new endeavors. â€Å"These endeavors might be different, for example, the advancement of another item or administration; the foundation of another creation line in an assembling e

Victorian England In Hard Times Essay Example For Students

Victorian England In Hard Times Essay Charles Dickens is the thing that we would all consider as the great essayist of Victorian England, and he is driving a few people to allude to Victorian England as Dickensian England. In difficult situations Dickens discusses a northern modern town called Coketown, albeit anecdotal we can work out it depends on the town of Preston which Dickens visited and immediately acknowledged it was a horrendous spot to be. It is clear as you progress through tough situations that the novel is intended to have a significance, of which there are many, however I wish to concentrate on how Dickens centers in around the regular workers in the novel and reflects how life is for them. We will compose a custom paper on Victorian England In Hard Times explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now In the wake of perusing the novel the conspicuous contender to help the above proclamation would be Stephen Blackpool, in spite of the fact that there is no unmistakable legend or courageous woman inside the novel, it is plain to see that Blackpool is the nearest thing to one. Why? Well Blackpool, by all accounts, is the exemplary impression of a plain typical specialist in Victorian England, yet as you dive further into him you see that he is more than that. Above all else see his name, Blackpool, a city on the east bank of England, it is presently a charming ocean side town by day and works a lively nightlife however at the hour of Dickens it was a grim, dull, smoke stricken town with hardly any taking the plunge, it was at the core of the mechanical insurgency. Clearly this must have a significance to Stephen and you understand as you read the novel that it has, he is only a typical laborer, stuck in an impasse work, working every day for the following, however yet he continues ahead with it, no grumbling, groaning, just continues ahead with the activity that he is required to do and in which sense you presently perceive how he is a legend. He doesnt spare lives, put out flames or anything like that however rather he just moves on, no grumbling, simply carries out his responsibility. He works amidst the mechanical insurgency in a dark, smoggy, dim industrial facility, in conditions that today would just not be permitted by law yet he continues doing what he does with no griping, his boss principles over him in a way that is unforgiving and superfluous yet he approaches him with deference despite the fact that that is the exact opposite thing he merits. Blackpool is a man of real factors, despite the fact that others are seen as this in the novel he is the main real individual that is. He is a man of real factors as in he doesnt consider anything to be improving and he understands that, in the course of his life, conditions for laborers are probably not going to change thus he realizes he needs to do what he needs to do. He is again taken a gander at as a legend after Dickens utilizes the words:â somebody else had gotten had of his roses, and he had gotten had of a similar someone elses thistles notwithstanding his own This says what has occurred in Blackpools case is that he has had all his great occasions taken from him and has been left with just awful occasions, alongside the others awful occasions also. Presently on the off chance that you consider what is identified with the word thistles, Jesus, in an especially strict nation it is plain to see that Dickens is indicating Blackpool being a cutting edge portrayal of Jesus. Jesus wore a crown of thistles and kicked the bucket on the cross to assist us with abandoning our wrongdoings, he languished over our transgressions, and in spite of the fact that Blackpool isn't passing on for our transgressions he is in truth speaking to all that work in the Dickensian time and that he takes the brunt of the torment just to acquire cash for those better than him. .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e , .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e .postImageUrl , .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e , .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e:hover , .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e:visited , .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e:active { border:0!important; } .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e:active , .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e:hover { mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u4950efc8be 11550a924379580c72d26e .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u4950efc8be11550a924379580c72d26e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Show how the pressure among Jew and Christian Is brought to ahead in the preliminary scene of 'The Merchant of Venice' EssayThings that are additionally obvious in the novel is the utilization of parody to put down every single social class, aside from the regular workers, whom the writer finds in a more noteworthy light and shows that he trusts in them. Mr Bounderby for instance is an individual from the high societies and fittingly Dickens appreciates ridiculing him, again through parody, the statement that comes into view is A man made out of a coarse material, which appeared to have extended to make such an extensive am ount him Dickens utilizes this to show his feeling on the rising, eager working classes. Mr Bounderby is exceptionally huge, which shows voracity, and extremely boisterous, which Dickens at that point taunts firmly. The statement depicts Bounderby as being loosened up as to prepare for all his enormous headedness, envision for instance an ordinary man with a curiously huge head, albeit ambiguous you can perceive how Dickens attempts to depict that Bounderby accepts firmly that he is well over different classes in the hierarchy which we later discover he has the right to be a lot of lower.

Great Tips on Writing Term Paper Quickly and Easy

Great Tips on Writing Term Paper Quickly and EasyWriting term papers can be very time consuming if you don't have some great tips on writing papers. It's always good to have some examples to work from, but there are some great tips that I can share with you that will help you write a term paper quickly and easily. This will save you time and make your writing term paper experience a great one.When you first start out writing a term paper it can be a bit overwhelming. You want to get it done as fast as possible so you can get back to class or work. There are some simple tips you can follow that will allow you to write your term paper fast. These will help you focus on the key points of your paper without having to worry about writing something that is not correct.The first tip that will help you speed up your writing paper is to make sure you take notes at the same time every day. If you are doing a research paper you will have to jot down ideas, facts, and things that you have read i n your studies. This will allow you to easily reference them when you need them.Lastly, you should check and re-check your essay before you send it to your professor. You should also make sure to proofread it and make sure it is error free. An essay that is error free is going to be more appealing to the professor. This will also allow you to get a better grade if your paper is properly proofread.Another tip to remember is to make sure you do not have any spelling or grammatical errors. As a student you should always make sure that everything you write is correct and grammatically correct.You will find that if you follow these tips, you will be able to write a term paper quickly and easily. You will also get a better grade for doing so. If you are having trouble with this task or feel you don't have the time to write a term paper for each assignment you will be getting a lot of help in the form of a writing assistant. A writing assistant will help you write each assignment by doing a rough draft.Using a writing assistant is great for those students who are having trouble with writing term paper due to lack of time. This is because it allows you to use your own personal assistant for assignments you feel are difficult to complete. They will also keep you focused on the key points of your paper rather than thinking about other things that are not the key points.When you are writing your term paper, these tips will help you get the most out of your writing term paper. I recommend you take advantage of their services.

Gabriel Prossers Plot for Freedom

Gabriel Prosser and his brother, Solomon, were preparing for the farthest reaching rebellion in United States History. Inspired by the egalitarian philosophy that launched the Haitian Revolution, the Prosser brothers brought together enslaved and freed African-Americans, poor whites, and Native Americans to rebel against wealthy whites. However, a combination of inclement weather conditions and the fears of a few enslaved African-American men halted the rebellion from ever taking place. Gabriel Prossers Life Prosser was born in 1776 on a tobacco plantation in Henrico County, Va. At an early age, Prosser and his brother, Solomon, were trained to work as blacksmiths and  was also taught to read and write. By the age of twenty, Prosser was considered a leader—he was literate, intelligent, strong and stood over six feet tall. In 1798, Prossers owner died and his son, Thomas Henry Prosser, became his new master. Considered an ambitious master who wanted to expand his wealth, Thomas Henry hired Prosser and Solomon out to work with merchants and artisans. Prossers ability to work in Richmond and its surrounding areas allowed him the freedom to discover the area, earn extra money and work with freed African-American laborers. Gabriel Prossers Great Plan In 1799, Prosser, Solomon, and another slave named Jupiter stole a pig. When the three were caught by an overseer, Gabriel fought him and bit off the overseers ear. Shortly after, he was found guilty of maiming a white man. Although this was a capital offense, Prosser was able to choose public branding over being hanged if he could recite a verse from the Bible. Prosser was branded on his left hand and spent a month in jail. This punishment, the freedom Prosser experienced as a hired-out blacksmith, as well as the symbolism of the American and Haitian Revolutions  prompted the organization of the Prosser Rebellion. Inspired primarily by the Haitian Revolution, Prosser believed that oppressed people in society should work together for change. Prosser planned to include enslaved and freed African-Americans as well as poor whites, Native Americans and French troops in the rebellion.    Prossers plan was to take possession of Capitol Square in Richmond. Holding Governor James Monroe as a hostage, Prosser believed he could bargain with authorities. After telling Solomon and another slave named Ben of his plans, the trio began recruiting revolters. Women were not included in Prossers militia, but free blacks and whites became dedicated to the cause of insurrection. Pretty soon, the men were recruiting throughout Richmond, Petersburg, Norfolk, Albermarle and the counties of Henrico, Caroline, and Louisa. Prosser used his skills as a blacksmith to create swords and molding bullets. Others collected weapons. The motto of the rebellion would be the same as the Haitian Revolution--Death or Liberty. Although rumors of the upcoming rebellion were reported to Governor Monroe, they were ignored. Prosser planned the revolt for August 30, 1800, but it could not take place because of a severe thunderstorm that made it impossible to travel across road and bridges. The plot was supposed to take place the following day on Sunday, August 31, but several enslaved African-Americans told their masters of the plot. Landowners set up white patrols  and alerted Monroe who organized the state militia to search for rebels. Within two weeks, almost 30 enslaved African-Americans were in jail waiting to be seen in the Oyer and Terminir—a court in which people are tried without a jury but can provide testimony. The Trial The trial lasted two months and an estimated 65 enslaved men were tried. Almost thirty of these enslaved men were executed while others were sold to owners in other states. Some were found not guilty and others were pardoned. The trials began on September 11. Officials offered full pardons to enslaved men who gave testimony against other members of the conspiracy. Ben, who had helped Solomon and Prosser organize the rebellion, offered testimony. Another man named Ben Woolfolk offered the same. Ben offered testimony that led to the execution of several other enslaved men including Prossers brothers Solomon and Martin. Ben Woolfolk provided information on enslaved participants from other areas of Virginia. Before Solomons death, he provided the following testimony: My brother Gabriel was the person who influenced me to join him and others in order that (as he said) we might conquer the white people and possess ourselves of their property. Another enslaved man, King, said, I was never so glad to hear anything in my life. I am ready to join them at any moment. I could slay the white people like sheep. Although most recruits were tried and convicted in Richmond, others in outlying counties received the same fate. In places like Norfolk County, however, enslaved African-Americans and working-class whites were questioned in an attempt to find witnesses. However, no one would provide testimony and enslaved men in Norfolk County were released. And in Petersburg, four free African-Americans were arrested but could not be convicted because the testimony of an enslaved person against a freed person was not permitted in the courts of Virginia. On September 14, Prosser was identified to authorities. On October 6, he was put on trial. Although several people testified against Prosser, he refused to make a statement in court. On October 10, he was hung in the town gallows. The Aftermath According to state law, the state of Virginia had to reimburse slaveholders for their lost property. In total, Virginia paid more than $8900 to slaveholders for enslaved men who were hung. Between 1801 and 1805, the Virginia Assembly debated on the idea of gradual emancipation of enslaved African-Americans. However, the state legislature decided instead to control enslaved African-Americans by outlawing literacy and placed restrictions on hiring out. Although Prossers rebellion did not come to fruition, it inspired others. In 1802, the Easter Plot took place. And thirty years later, Nat Turners Rebellion took place in Southampton County.

Summary of Chapter 6 consumer behavior - 830 Words

Joan Marceline 3303013002 Vensca Veronica Tanus 3303013024 Summary of Chapter 6 Consumer Perception Perception The process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets stimuli into a meaningful and coherent picture of the world Elements of Perception Sensation is the immediate and direct response of the sensory organs (5 senses) to stimuli. Sensation itself depend on energy within the environment where the perception occurs. For example: Mainly sight sound smell (SIA e.g) and a stimulus is any unit of input to any of the senses. The absolute threshold is the lowest level at which an individual can experience a sensation. For example: Consumers adapt and get used to a certain ad or message so no longer notice it.†¦show more content†¦1. Physical Appearance: Positive attributes of people they know to those who resemble them such as beautiful show host , color to food, celebrities, and important for model selection. 2. Desceiptive Terms: Verbal messages reflect stereotypes. For example names and advertisement in services are particularly important due to the intangible nature of services, such as: restaurants (Michelin Star), ambience, hospitality † home away from home, and health food 3. First Impression First impressions are lasting. The perceiver is trying to determine which stimuli are relevant, important, or predictive 4. Hallo Effect: Consumers perceive and evaluate multiple objects based on just one dimension. Product Positioning Establishing a specific image for a brand in the consumer’s mind in relation to competing brands, conveys the product in terms of how it fulfills a need and successful positioning creates a distinctive, positive brand image. Packaging as a Positioning Element Packaging conveys the image that the brand communicates to the buyer. Color, weight, image, and shape are all important – Shampoo for example. Repositioning might be necessary because: – Increased competition – Changing consumerShow MoreRelatedThe Critical Success Factors Of Aldi763 Words   |  4 Pages A study on the Critical Success Factors of ALDI focusing on The Buyer Behavior and Involvements Module Dissertation Researcher Kalamba Mbungu Date 08-July-2016 Student Number 21306194 Module Code Module Leader: Dr Alex Pietrus This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree in Marketing Practice Read MoreHealth Wearable Technology1693 Words   |  7 PagesWearable Technology !2 Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Review of the Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 Appendix A†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 Health Wearable Technology !3 Abstract Read MoreKey Marketing Concepts1381 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER 1 amp; 2 * What is marketing? 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Review Of Songs Of My Generation - 1382 Words

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Services Marketing Analysis of ALDI- Marketing Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Services Marketing Analysis of ALDI. Answer: Introduction: The following analysis highlights the marketing analysis of ALDI Australia which is a well known international grocery retailer. In spite of several challenges by Coles and Woolworths, ALDI can be able to secure its position in the international market successfully. In this research study, to analyze the market of ALDI, the nature of marketing strategy of ALDI has been presented and criticized by Porter's Five Forces model. Moreover, its current position and SWOT analysis have been briefly stated to evaluate the strategic marketing options of ALDI. Background of the Company: The well known supermarket chain ALDI was first established in the Essen town of German in 1913 as a small food shop. After that, it spread its 50th new stores and shops in Germany. In 1960, it divided into two parts namely ALDI Sud and ALDI Nord to carry out their business independently. At that time, this supermarket mainly provided fresh products namely yogurt, sausages and cheese along with fresh meat at competitive prices. Now-a-days, it has nearly more than 7,000 shops which serve approximately millions of people throughout the world (Corporate.aldi.com.au 2017). In Australia, the supermarket ALDI has started its journey form 2001 by opening approximately 270 stores across VIC, QLD, ACT and NSW. Now, it secures the top 10 position in the Australian retailers. Exclusive branded products, grocery items, and other essential products are available in this supermarket along with improved quality and competitive price. Moreover, it creates employment opportunities, new investment source, new property and logistics (Corporate.aldi.com.au 2017). Marketing Analysis: The grocery market industry in Australia is both competitive and concentrated, and it provides a tough competition to each other as well as the new entrant. In spite of these major challenges, the supermarket stores ALDI has been able to create its position. In this perspective, the strong and unique marketing strategies help them to accomplish the desired goal successfully. The nature of ALDIs Marketing Strategy or Strategies since it began: At the first stage, the well known grocery stores Coles Myer, and Woolworths captured almost 76% of the Australian market. These two supermarket chains earned approximately $55 billion profit from the Australian economy. During this period, in 2001, ALDI appeared in the Australian economy as an international grocery store. However, the situation was difficult as the foreign retailer was banned in the Australian market economy. In spite of these problems, ALDI had secured near about 4% of NSW grocery industry along with 83 stores throughout the four states of Australia in 2004. During the opening period, to crack the highly competitive and concentrated grocery market industry in Australia, ALDI mainly concentrates on providing the high and improved quality products at the lower prices. At that time, the main marketing strategies to capture the grocery market provided exclusive and unique brand products, limited range, the price changing policy and focus (Corporate.aldi.com.au 2017). Exclusive and unique brand products: The main and central focus of ALDI is to launch new, exclusive and unique brand products in the Australian grocery market. According to Ododo, Mulholland and Turner (2015), to sustain and get success in the competitive market industry, it is essential to make separate from other organization by proving new items to the customers with an affordable rate. Hence, ALDI deals a partnership business with the leading manufacturer organization to make own-brand products. High and improved quality is maintained along with low costs. Limited range: In the words of Metzger (2014), one of the successful marketing strategies is to focus on the target market and the choice, taste, and variety seeking attitudes of the customers. Now, to reduce the price of the products, the marketing strategy of ALDI is to provide the limited range of items. By following the market survey, they serve that type of products which has comparatively more demand at the competitive price. Furthermore, products are available according to their popularity, not in all sizes. As a result, ALDI can be able to capture the lead position in grocery retailer in the Australian market economy. The price changing policy: As per the view of the price changing policy, ALDI provides the lower price to the customers when the cost is affordable. However, when the cost of the production increases, it raises its price of the products. The main reason behind the fact is that ALDI does not want to serve any low quality goods at any costs. As a result, when the cost rises, they also increase the price of their products but not compromise with its quality. This unique strategy is known as the value proposition marketing strategy by ALDI which gives the positive result. On the other hand, ALDI believes in the long-term approach to capturing the Australian grocery market successfully. As opined by Van den Steen and Lane (2014), the long-term partnership, trust and responsibility with the suppliers and small business firms help to grow the new entrant successfully in the competitive industry. ALDI develops a long-term relationship and partnership with the suppliers. Though the new suppliers want to deal with ALDI with a cheaper rate for their desired quality of the product, ALDI always gives the first preference to the existing suppliers. As a result, in the future prospect, it makes a strong relation which is needed to crack the industry. Focus: The competitor of the grocery industry, Coles and Woolworths expand their business in different sectors such as liquor, online shopping, petrol and pharmaceuticals. On the contrary, ALDI only concentrates on its core business. They do not take this type of marketing strategy to expand their business. However, they launch a unique idea which makes them different from the other grocery stores. This is known as the surprise buys through which a batch of items such as computers or televisions are sold for the fixed period in the stores of the ALDI (Aldi.com.au 2017). With the help of this marketing strategy, a huge number of new customers attract towards them as they maintain both the high quality and lower price of the products. Porters Five Forces model: Threats of the new entrants Other competitors such as Tesco, Wal-Mart and Europe Lidl want to enter into the grocery industry in Australia which gives a tough competition to ALDI. It also creates a threat of copying the successful market strategies and implementation it by a better way. Threats of the substitution Due to globalization in the grocery industry, the rivals of ALDI produce close substitutes for which the number of loyal customers gets reduced (Cameron et al. 2015). Bargaining power of the suppliers With the increased number of grocery stores, ALDI lowers its bargaining power to the customers for maintaining the sales amount. Bargaining power of the buyers As there are a huge number of sellers in the market, the bargaining power of the buyers is increased, and they can shift from the one brand to the other. However, ALDI has the advantage as it sets its marketing strategy as best quality at the cheapest rate (Ausfoodnews.com.au 2017). Competitive rivalry Due to the existence of a huge number of grocery stores, the competitive rivalry is high regarding price and quality of the products (Voigt, Buliga and Michl 2017). Table 1: Porters Five Forces model of ALDI Source: (Mortimer 2016) Strategic Marketing Options for ALDI moving forward: Current Situation of ALDI: ALDI Australia forecast to increase their profit by 90 percent to the $15 billion over next consecutive four years. From 2013 to 2016, the sales of ALDI rose 60 percent to the $8 billion. Moreover, due to an increase of the stores from 373 to near about 628, the sales are estimated to reach the amount $15 billion by the year 2020 (Mitchell 2017). According to the report of IBIS World, the revenue of ALDI is $105 billion along with 4.1% annual growth in the year 2016. Furthermore, it creates approximately 332,038 employment opportunities and 2012 business in the Australian market (Ibisworld.com.au 2017). SWOT analysis: With the help of SWOT analysis, the strengths and weaknesses of ALDI relating to the marketing strategies in the Australian grocery industry have been notified along with the associated threats and opportunities. Strengths The Strong brand image along with increasing reputation regarding quality and price and the international recognition. Simple and unique organizational culture and operational system. A limited number of the quality items at a lower price compare to other stores. Maintain a good and strong relationship with the suppliers and customers. Low cost on advertising which helps to acquire the cost efficiency (Tseltsova and Bohnert 2015). Most of the staffs are well trained and working hours is less. Weaknesses The product range is limited which indicates the deficit of product differentiation. Some manufacturers do not want to relate their name which creates the demotion of the brand name loyalty. ALDI uses limited technology in their production process compare to the other competitors. Advertising policy and the public relations is not so much significant (McMillan 2013). The ability to borrow from the market is very low which sometimes hinders the potential growth of this organization. Opportunities ALDI has an opportunity to expand their business into the other markets namely house brands which are profitable. By applying the diversification methods, ALDI can be able to earn more profits compared to the rivals. Implementation of new systems helps to maintain the desired quality standards of the products (Bozhinova 2014). The increase in market penetration ensures the growth of this organization. The modern and advanced market trends along with increased number of Australian population enhance the diversification level in the business of ALDI. The most important opportunity for ALDI is the value of Euro regarding dollar is much greater than the value of Australian dollar. As a result, ALDI gets the benefits of lower price and transaction cost in the international market. Threats Organization culture is not so much significant which could resist the massive expansion of ALDI. Limited uses of the technology in the production procedure hold back to the growth of this organization. The competitors can employ new and attractive marketing strategies to capture the market. Globalization can play an important role to attract the rivals in near future. The competitive advantage does not remain in favor for the growth of ALDI. Table 2: SWOT analysis of marketing strategies of ALDI Source: (As created by author) Conclusion: From the above analysis, it can be inferred that ALDI makes a significant position in the grocery industry of Australia with the remarkable marketing strategy of providing the highest quality at the cheapest rate. However, due to globalization, the numbers of competitors are increased which give ALDI a tough competition. Thus, to make it different and sustain in the industry ALDI needs to implement new and advanced technology, more advertising policy, innovative marketing strategy and revised organizational culture along with improved public relations. Reference List: Aldi.com.au. (2017).ALDI Initiatives - ALDI Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.aldi.com.au/en/about-aldi/aldi-initiatives/ [Accessed 18 Jan. 2017]. Ausfoodnews.com.au. (2017).Aldi tries a new strategy to grow bigger market share in Australia | Australian Food News. [online] Available at: https://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2015/05/20/aldi-tries-new-strategy-to-grow-bigger-market-share-in-australia.html [Accessed 18 Jan. 2017]. Bozhinova, M., 2014. Private labelretailers competitive strategy.Global Journal of Management And Business Research,13(10). Cameron, A.J., Sayers, S.J., Sacks, G. and Thornton, L.E., 2015. Do the foods advertised in Australian supermarket catalogues reflect national dietary guidelines?.Health promotion international, p.dav089. Corporate.aldi.com.au. (2017).About ALDI - ALDI Australia. [online] Available at: https://corporate.aldi.com.au/en/about-aldi/ [Accessed 18 Jan. 2017]. Corporate.aldi.com.au. (2017).ALDI History - ALDI Australia. [online] Available at: https://corporate.aldi.com.au/en/about-aldi/aldi-history/ [Accessed 18 Jan. 2017]. Corporate.aldi.com.au. (2017).Operations - ALDI Australia. [online] Available at: https://corporate.aldi.com.au/en/corporate-responsibility/operations/ [Accessed 18 Jan. 2017]. Ibisworld.com.au. (2017).Supermarkets and Grocery Stores in Australia Market Research | IBISWorld. [online] Available at: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry/supermarkets-and-grocery-stores.html [Accessed 18 Jan. 2017]. McMillan, J., 2013. The importance of market segments.McMillan Technology. Available on: https://www. mcmillantech. co. uk/articles/MarketSegments. pdf. Metzger, K., 2014. International Management Analysis of ALDI. Mitchell, S. (2017).Aldi Australia sales forecast to tip $15b by 2020. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/aldi-australia-sales-forecast-to-tip-15b-by-2020-20160418-go8rmu.html [Accessed 18 Jan. 2017]. Mortimer, G., 2016. Woolies private label strategy will play directly into the hands of Aldi.The Conversation, (30). Ododo, C., Mulholland, G. and Turner, J., 2015, November. Can Discount Pricing Be A Comeptitive Brand Strategy? An Evaluation of Aldi. InInternational Conference on Marketing and Business Development Journal(Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 241-251). Bucharest University of Economic Studies Publishing House. Tseltsova, A. and Bohnert, K., 2015. The international marketing strategy of grocery retailersthe strategy of adaptation and standardization. Van den Steen, E. and Lane, D., 2014. Aldi: The Dark Horse Discounter. Voigt, K.I., Buliga, O. and Michl, K., 2017. Striving for Customer Benefit: The Case of Aldi. InBusiness Model Pioneers(pp. 11-24). Springer International Publishing.

Old Testament ch 1-9 Flashcard

Old Testament ch 1-9

Definition and Examples of Interrogatives in English

Definition and Examples of Interrogatives in English In English grammar, an interrogative (pronounced in-te-ROG-a-tiv) is a word that introduces a question  which cant be simply answered with yes or no. Also known as an interrogative word. Interrogatives are sometimes called question  words because of their function, or wh- words because of their most common initial letters:  who (with whom and whose), what, where, when, why, . . . and how).  Ã‚   A sentence that asks a question (whether or not it contains an interrogative word) is called an interrogative sentence. Etymology: From the Latin, to ask Examples and Observations Thomas Klammer and Muriel SchulzInterrogatives begin direct questions. In addition to signaling that a question will follow, each plays some grammatical role in the sentence that it begins. . . . Interrogatives also function to introduce indirect questions.Edward de BonnoIf you never change your mind, why have one?Charles De GaulleHow can you govern a country which has 246 varieties of cheese?Phil EverlyIve been cheated, been mistreatedWhen will I be loved?William FaulknerWhat are you talking so loud for Nancy? Caddy said.Who, me? Nancy said.And these last fifty thousand hours? These have been spent studying the sword?William GoldmanInigo nodded.Where?Wherever I could find a master. Venice, Bruge, Budapest.Rosa ParksHe pointed at me and said, that one wont stand up. The two policemen came near me and only one spoke to me. He asked me if the driver had asked me to stand up? I said, yes. He asked me why I didnt stand up. I told him I didnt think I should have to stand up. So I asked hi m: Why do you push us around? And he told me, I dont know, but the law is the law and you are under arrest. Walker PercyWhat is the malaise? you ask. The malaise is the pain of loss. The world is lost to you, the world and the people in it, and there remains only you and the world and you no more able to be in the world than Banquos ghost. Subordinating Conjunctions and Interrogative Words James R. Hurford[S]ome, but not all, subordinating conjunctions can also occur as interrogative words, e.g. when and where. Thus when is a subordinating conjunction in I was here when you came; but it is an interrogative word in When did you come?...Some exclamations begin with the words what and how, which are also interrogative words. Examples of their use in exclamations are What a lovely baby that is! and How prettily it gurgles! But these are not interrogative sentences. Moving to Why Mitchell Stevens[N]ow that who, what, when, and where  have been cheapened by overexposure on the Internet, why has gained value. It requires thought. It sometimes requires expertise. Yet it provides an element often missing in traditional  journalism: an explanation. When applied to sources,  . . . the why enables journalists to get beyond a simple stenographic report of who is asserting what. It enables them to move toward deeper understanding.

Lucifer and Jesus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Lucifer and Jesus - Essay Example From the beginning, all angels were created equal and holy, but a third of them rebelled against God and fell from their pure state. They were led by the Satan, a liar, murderer and thief. "He hates God and passionately hates God's people" (Stover). It is important to remember that Satan and all the demons are very powerful and brilliant, disguising themselves as an angel of light. Lucifer is the angel of light. God's good angels on the other hand work quietly and work for God. He will always speak of God's glory and their purpose is to redeem us from our sin and help us return back to God. They do not accept worship, but direct you to worship God. They are not bound by mantras or command anyone by their word. Holy angels like Jesus are compassionate, loving and forgiving. They live to serve God, and God's people (Stover). The image of God as the ultimate commander is quite impressive and magnificent. It is important to know that God uses his "messengers" which are aptly described to us by the Greek word: angels. The Biblical image of the universe as described in the Genesis, Mathews, says Revelation is that of universe which is vibrating with life everywhere. The cosmos is heavily inhabited by wide range of angelic beings of various ranks and species. "Angels are very closely associated with the astronomical phenomena throughout Bible" (Dolphin). The weather is also greatly a result of such activity where wind, storm and lightning are considered as the actions of God, carried out by his messengers. Angels play an important role in acting as blessing as well a curse depending upon their bent of inclination. Since angels are the powers of God, they never rest; everything in this universe is sustained by the animated energy of the angels, working faithfully at the command of God. Martin Luther very aptl y makes the comment regarding a natural calamity, in which he bases his interpretation in harmony with the message in the Psalm stating that winds have wings. "The devil provokes such storms, but good winds are produced by good angels. Winds are nothing but spirits, either good or evil. The devil sits there and snorts, and so do the angels when the winds are salubrious"(Dolphin)."The Biblical worldview is uncompromising: God is running the world. Every atom in the universe is under His command. His Word created and sustains in Him. That is why He can assert His power and authority in such absolute terms." "I form the light and create darkness, I make peace and create calamity, I, the LORD, do all these things"(Isaiah 45:7) (Dolphin). The creation of angels is the most speculated in the Biblical analysis; it has been referred to that angels were created during creation week after Genesis. "An Angel is a spiritual being subordinate to God, who serves at Gods command and pleasure to deliver his messages, help his people and punish his enemies" (Achtemeier). They did not exist before that, they were also the observers of the work of creation. There is deep connection between angels and stars, which further reveals that angels were created one by one, and named as all stars are named. "He determines the number of the stars, he gives to all of them their names" (Psalm 147:4) (Dolphin). Though angels belong to particular rank and order, they are not connected as a race. One fact

The Solvay process for sodium carbonate Research Paper

The Solvay process for sodium carbonate - Research Paper Example n) whereby sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 precipitates and converts to sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) while both carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are liberated as gases. This paper critically investigates the thermodynamics of final reaction of the Solvay process (calcination step) during the industrial production of sodium carbonate. The thermal decomposition of sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 (commonly known as calcination reaction) normally involves heating Sodium hydrogen carbonate to temperatures above 80Â °C. Although the calcinations reaction normally takes place at temperatures of or above the thermal decomposition of the reactant, it occurs below the melting point of the product material. Calcination is the last step in the production of soda ash. The process begins with an aqueous solution of sodium chloride which is introduced into ammonia followed by carbonization. The ammonium carbonate produced (NH4HCO3) then reacts with NaCl to produce Sodium carbonate (NaHCO3) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). The result is heated to release carbon dioxide (CO2) which is the recycled. The calcinations process as mentioned before receives NaHCO3 and produce Na2CO3 carbon dioxide and water (Barner & Scheuerman, 2012).The bicarbonate then undergoes a dehydration reaction in which it gradually breaks down into sodium carbonate, water and carbon dioxide as shown below: The decomposition of NaHCO3 depends on a number of factors. The pressures at which the carbon dioxide and water are taken back play a big role. It has been reported that the decomposition occurs at 270oC on the higher side and as low as 38oC in one research. The decomposition is crucial in pore formation of sodium carbonate. In most researches the decomposition temperature was set between 121oC and 149oC for optimized conditions. The largest specific area was reported to occur between the temperatures of 204oC and 316oC in a draft oven. The activation energy is higher than 3kcal/mole in diffusion controlled processes

Derivative Markets Essay Example for Free

Derivative Markets Essay Last dozen of years are characterized by rash growth of volumes of national and international markets of derivative finance instruments or derivative markets. By opinion of experts, appearance and development of derivative markets is the most important event of economic life within last twenty five years. In the very name of these instruments – â€Å"derives† lays the fact that they appeared and started to develop on basis of floaters and futures almost for all types of exchange products (starting with oil and gas and ending with soy beans and orange juice), and also for exchange index, percent rates, rate of exchange, etc. Presently new types of derivates appeared: on the basis of sea freight rates (London), cost of microprocessors, permissions for environment pollution (USA), etc. To the first generation of derivates specialists relate futures and stock option plans, which are used at organized markets (exchanges) in form of standardized contracts, and also popular at non-exchange market (market OTC – over-the-counter) (William Falloon pp. 26-28) currency swaps, stock option plans and inter-bank agreements regarding forward rate agreement. From the very beginning the main functions of derivates was to provide distribution of risks among participants of business deal, connected with change of stuff price, rates of exchange, percent rates, stock rates, exchange indexes, etc. Nowadays operations with derivates are still the main way of insurance from different risks and risk management. The first signs at derivative markets became successful issue of currency futures in 1972 at Chicago Mercantile Exchange; the second issue of percentage futures followed in 1975 at Chicago Board of Trade. In the first half of 1980-s rapid growth (Remolona, Eli, M., pp. 28-43) of operations with derivates, followed with appearance of more and more new types of derivates. In 1980 appeared New York Futures Exchange; in 1982 London international Financial Futures and Options; in 1986 – MATIF Marche a terme international de France in Paris; in 1988 Swiss Options and Financial Futures Exchanges, etc. At these and other organized (exchange) markets trade is fulfilled by standard (typical) contracts, which are sold or at exchange auctions (MATIF in France), or with help of automatized information systems (for example, Globex). Final calculations for all deals are made by computational (compensational) palates (George Benston and Shehzad Mian pp. 217-246) The first â€Å"legal† operation of currency swap (exchange of dollar to Swiss francs) was made in August 1981 between American company IBM and International Bank of Reconstruction and Development. Market of percentage swaps appeared in the United States by initiative of company â€Å"Sallie Mae†. The major part of swap operations was executed by leading international banks, which in the beginning were present as mediators between participants of currency swaps. In succeeding years banks became to work as active participants of derivative deals, acting at their own cost and in their own interests.   When in the first half of 1980-s derivative market was developing mainly in the United States, in the second half derivative market started to develop quickly in Europe and Japan. Volume of world market of swap operations increased from 200 milliard dollars in 1985 to 2900 milliard dollars in 1990. Such quick growth was stipulated with legal standardization of contracts, development of information systems and means of communications. According to data of questionnaire which was executed by International Swaps and Derivatives Associations, volume of world derivative market for the beginning of 1993 was 5.4 trillion dollars, including percentage swaps – 3.9 trillion dollars, currency swaps – 860 milliard dollars, cap and floor operations – 577 milliard dollars. By approximate estimation of magazine Swap Monitor, volume of derivative markets was much higher – 7 trillion dollars (at the same date of 1993). In the United States only 6 banks control 90% of derivative markets. In France 80 banks act at the market of currency contracts; at option market – 24 banks. Volume of operations with derivates at exchange and non-exchange markets, which make French credit institutions and which are shown at their balance, in 2.2 times exceeds amount of their balances. By information of International Calculations Bank, already in 1991 volume of OTC market was 4500 milliard dollars. From that time its volume significantly increased. Quick growth of derivative market volume in the beginning of 1990-s is connected with increasing of instability and uncertainty at world financial markets, also influenced by such events as was at Persian Gulf, collapse of USSR, crisis of European system of currency, etc. besides, progress in the field of informational technology, which allowed to process big volumes of information almost immediately and great funds, involved in financial turnover, give grounds to speak about existence of real industry of derivates. As we already spoke about, quick growth of derivative market was accompanied by appearance of new and new their types and kinds; this process developed and continues to develop in legal and non-official market. Financial instruments, which represent different combinations of derivates of the first generation, quickly were added to the first derivate generation (for example, combination of percentage options â€Å"cap/floor†, swaptions – combination of swap and option. In the beginning of 1990-s appeared such exotic instruments as swaps for non-typical indexes, annulated swaps, options for options, etc. One of novelties for Parisian exchange was issue of bons doption, which gives right to the buyer for purchase of actions or debentures by fixed price. During the last four years number of diversities of such warranties increased from 15 to 500, they are in easy access to any investor, even those who doesn’t have big amount of money. Appearance of new types and kinds of derivates is stipulated not only by increasing demands of clients in more perfect means of insurance from risks (Ludger Hentschel and Clifford Smith Jr., pp. 101-126), but also by constant perfection of informational technology and equipment, mechanisms of price formation and models of risk management. At the same time legal standards of regulating operations with derivates were developed and perfected; new forms of standard contracts appeared. Operations with derivates started to be used more frequently not only for insurance from risks and risk management, but for aims of speculation, i.e. receiving profit from them. By opinion of experts, nowadays the following subjects take place at the derivative markets: Industrial companies, which can use operations with derivates to reach such aims as: Decreasing of indebtedness burden at the expense of getting necessary financial means by possible cheap price; Increasing of flexibility in management of financial holdings, not limited by usage of debentures or short-term commercial documents; Perfection of management cash balance and regulation of financial flow, connected with cash inflow and cash spending; Fast receiving of necessary funds by relatively low prices in case unexpected needs in financing take place; Perfection and dynamics of process management by liquid assets of enterprise. Although enterprises, which use all enumerated possibilities of operations with derivates, are quite rare, from now on these operations cannot be ignored by those enterprises, who intend to lead dynamic strategy of management by thief financial resources. Different investment funds, which control investment portfolio, use operations with derivates as flexible means of funds management. Special companies or funds (so-called stockjobbers), which make derivative operations to receive profit, because those operations allow even with small expenses to get big profit, indeed, in condition of favorable circumstances for such stockjobber. In such a way American fund Quantum Fund, which belongs to famous financier George Sores, and which is specialized on currency deals, including derivates as well, since 1969 every year increased its income for 35%; today it exceeds 4 milliard dollars. Totally in the United States there are more than 3 thousand of such funds, which manage approximately by 25 milliard dollars, which are used only for speculative operations. There are 23 similar funds, which are legally registered in France. Individual stockbrokers, which make operations with derivates at their own expense. Activity of those subjects, which in the USA are called â€Å"local† and in France â€Å"negociateurs independants de parquet†, assists in increasing of liquidity financial market. Special companies-organizers of the market, including compensational palates, which control execution of contracts and execute calculations, receiving definite commissions. In such a way in France company MATIF received for each operation of purchase or sale of pressing contract 6.25 francs, what allowed to increase own funds to 800 million francs. In 1993 MATIF worked up 72 million of contracts, whereas at Chicago Mercantile Exchange were sold 179 million of contracts. Banks, working in legal and non-official market, receive the biggest income from derivative operations. Supervision instances controlling bank activities (for example, there is Bank Commission in France) are anxious because of uncontrolled growth of bank derivative operations. Operations with different kinds of options, especially related to such indexes, which change quickly, as shares indexes, prices for non-ferrous metals, raw materials, etc. give the biggest concern. Supervision instances don’t limit usage of derivative operations in order to insure credit and market risks (Sanjiv Ranjan Das pp. 7-23), but at the same time they establish rule of paying capacity, in accordance with which amount of own derivate funds of certain credit enterprise should cover credit (risk of unredeemed credit) and market risks. Other aspects of regulation non-organized markets are not developed enough. In all leading Western countries development of those measures is behind the tempo of growth of OTC market capacity, where calculation (compensational) palates are absent and business deals have long-term character. For organized derivative markets the main problems still are guaranteeing security and control. Compensational palates watch timeliness of final calculations and amount of deposits of their members, which operate at derivative market. These deposits guarantee that they will fulfill their obligations: in case amount of deposit is lower than definite level, it should be filled up immediately. In such a way, at MATIF’s accounts are 20 milliard francs, paid-in by its members as guarantee of calculations. Financiers work to standardize contracts for derivative deals in the international level. In such a way, created in 1985 International Swap and Derivatives Association worked out frame contract for derivative operations, consisting of two parts: in the first part there are obligatory common statements (ways of calculations and their regulation, declarations of the parties, procedures of canceling the contract, etc), and in the second part there are statements, which can be changed by wish of the parties. In June 1993 report of 30 leading specialists for financial operations was published, where they formulated recommendations to banks and other enterprises, which lead operations with derivates or are their final users. By opinion of experts, these enterprises should give acces to that market only for professionals. Many experts point at explosive character of derivative market, because there can appear chain reaction of bankruptcy (domino effect). Non-exchange market is more dangerous in this respect, where the business deals are often concluded â€Å"for the word of honor†. Unexpected collapse of one of the banks can cause chain reaction of bankruptcies of other banks. By words of A. Taylor, president of Royal Bank of Canada, derivates represent bomb of delayed-action, which, once exploded, can completely ruin world financial system. Although derivative deals have a lot of risk and can provoke the crisis, you cannot live without them in the modern financial markets, because they assist in increasing of liquidity and effectiveness of financial markets, decreasing of cost for market transactions (deals). As was written in French magazine â€Å"Expansion†, future experts, probably, will examine derivates as financial novelty, which saved world economical growth from paralysis. Works Cited: George Benston and Shehzad Mian, 1995 Financial Reporting of Derivatives: An Analysis of the Issues, Evaluation of Proposals, and a Suggested Solution, Journal of Financial Engineering, September, pp. 217-246. Sanjiv Ranjan Das, 1995 Credit Risk Derivatives, Journal of Derivatives, Spring, pp. 7-23. William Falloon, 1992 How Appetites are Growing for OTC Equity Derivatives, Futures Magazine, January, pp. 26-28. Ludger Hentschel and Clifford Smith Jr., 1995 Controlling Risks in Derivatives Markets, Journal of Financial Engineering, June, pp. 101-126 Remolona, Eli, M., 1992-3 The Recent Growth of Financial Derivative Markets, Federal Reserve Bank of New York Quarterly Review, Winter, pp. 28-43.

Jane Kenyon’s The Blue Bowl Essay -- Poems Poetry Analysis

Kenyon’s criticism of burial and the mourning process and the manner in which it fails to provide a sense of closure for those who have lost a loved one is the main underlying theme in The Blue Bowl. Through her vivid description of both the natural setting and the grief-stricken emotional overtone surrounding the burial of a family’s house pet and the events that follow in the time after the cat is put to rest, Kenyon is able to invoke an emotional response from the reader that mirrors that of the poem’s actual characters. Her careful use of diction and the poem’s presentation through a first-person perspective, enables Kenyon to place the reader in the context of the poem, thus making the reader a participant rather than a mere observer. By combining these two literary techniques, Kenyon present a compelling argument with evidence supporting her critique of burial and the mourning process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kenyon’s choice of a first person perspective serves as one of two main techniques she uses in developing the reader’s ability to relate to the poem’s emotional implications and thus further her argument regarding the futility of mankind’s search for closure through the mourning process. By choosing to write the poem in the first person, Kenyon encourages the reader to interpret the poem as a story told by the same person who fell victim to the tragedy it details, rather than as a mere account of events observed by a third party. This insertion of the character into the story allows the reader to carefully interpret the messages expressed through her use of diction in describing the events during and after the burial.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The diction Kenyon employs for her description of the poem’s physical and psychological setting serves as Kenyon’s primary means for presenting her argument regarding the nature of the mourning process and its failure to help those who have lost loved ones. The poem’s first stanza begins as follows, â€Å"Like primitives we buried the cat with his bowl. Bare-handed we scraped sand and gravel back into the hole(1-4).† The first two words, â€Å"like primitives,† give the reader immediate insight into Kenyon’s opinion regarding the nature of the burial itself. She sees it as a means of coming to grips with death that is less evolved than the mental state of those that it attempts to help. When the first stanza is interpreted as a whole, the reader is... ...ten through mourning, thus allowing her to illustrate one last example supporting her argument regarding the failure of burial and the mourning process to provide a sense of closure for those who have lost a loved one.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through the careful use of diction presented through a first-person perspective, Kenyon is able to use The Blue Bowl as a medium for social commentary regarding what she sees as a primitive mourning process that does not help those who undertake it. Through a careful analysis of the poem, the reader is able to understand Kenyon’s critique of the mourning rituals that humans use to alleviate the grief caused by the death of a loved one and interpret the shortcomings that Kenyon finds. Kenyon’s use of perspective combined with specifically chosen diction enables her to present a social commentary regarding what she believes to be the inherent shortcomings in the emotional effects of the burial itself and the sense of closure it is supposed to bring yet fails to achieve during a typical period of mourning. Works Cited Kenyon, Jane. "Poetry 180 - The Blue Bowl." Library of Congress Home. Web. 11 Dec. 2015. .

Legal Considerations in the Business Environment Essay

While there are many legal factors to consider as XYZ Construction (XYZ) transforms from a private to a publicly owned company and expands operations globally, this paper will focus on the employment and labor laws, along with legal considerations that influence company operations. It is important to keep in mind that XYZ uses a mix of manning methodologies throughout the company; a full time staff as the core of the company, while maximizing the use of contracted labor in the execution of projects. Employment Law Employment law is a broad category of law that encompasses all areas regarding employee/employer relationships except for the negotiation process and collective bargaining, which is covered by the narrower focused category of labor law. Employment laws consist of thousands of federal and state statutes, regulations, and judicial decisions that are designed to govern the rights and duties of employers and workers. The US Department of Labor (USDOL) reports that there are 180 federal laws alone managed by 28 different agencies within the department. (United States Department of Labor [USDOL], 2014) Employment laws are focused on providing a safe and fair work place for employees and employers, alike, and have their origins in the constitution. They were founded based on public outcry against oppressive practices during the industrial revolution. The first laws founded in the 1920s were focused on fair wages, compensation for injuries, a standard work week, and on eliminating child labor. In the 1960s and 70s, statutes focused on anti-discrimination and unsafe work environments. Current issues involve employee health care, equal pay for men and women and the current debate on raising the federal minimum wage. There were also several issues addressed by the US Supreme Court of great importance to employment law including workplace discrimination and retaliation (Brill et al, 2013). The predominance of employment law disputes fall into two categories: wage and hour violations and discrimination in the workplace. Federal law provides for baseline rules regarding wage and hour standards, to include a minimum wage of $7.25 per hour and 40 hours as the standard work week. Many states have passed laws that establish a higher minimum wage, which is within their constitutional right. In these situations, XYZ is compelled to pay the higher minimum wage of that state. There is an emerging effort across the United States to raise the federal minimum wage to $9.50 per hour. In some  cases, this will place the federal wage higher than some states, meaning XYZ would have to pay the federal wage as it would trump the state legislation. It is prudent for XYZ to negotiate appropriate compensation on multiyear contracts as this new legislation works through the process. The standard work week, on the other hand, is prevalent across the United States and any worker that exceeds this threshold is entitled to overtime pay compensation. These rules exist to control the work environment for employees and mandates that time and a half be paid on every hour exceeding 40 within a given work week. The law also stipulates that XYZ will maintain basic payroll records and post notices to the workers regarding changes in the work environment. As XYZ experiences delays within projects, the pressure to push the work crews to make up these delays grows. While working overtime to meet customer requirements and project timelines are acceptable, supervisors must ensure adherence to the various employment laws; not doing so could lead to unfair labor practice disputes and costly legal battles (Brill et al, 2013). Another area that is a basis of employment law disputes is discrimination in the workplace. Prohibiting discrimination based on ethnicity, religious beliefs, gender, age, or disability was established with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and refined with subsequent legislation throughout the years. The Supreme Court handed down two significant decisions in 2013 that clarify evidentiary standards for discrimination claims, both are viewed as beneficial to the employer. First, the courts ruled that retaliation with discrimination as a motivating factor was not sufficient. The plaintiff must prove that discrimination was the basis for the retaliation, making the burden of proof much greater (Brill et al, 2013). Second, the courts clarified the definition of a supervisor under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. They ruled that the title of â€Å"supervisor† is limited to those who have authority to take a tangible employment action, meaning â€Å"a significant change in employment status, such as hiring, firing, failing to promote, reassignment with significantly different responsibilities, or a decision causing a significant change in benefits.† (Brill et al, 2013, p.4). Having the authority to direct daily work was not sufficient to link the supervisor to the company in regard to damages or actions tied to a law suit or dispute. However, the company is still liable for discriminatory actions of non-supervisory employees,  especially if it was notified and failed to take action to stop the behavior. This is significant considering that the majority of XYZ’s work force is contracted labor. As such it is imperative that XYZ maintain viable and proactive policies focused on preventing workplace discrimination and include a review of these policies prior to initiating any employment agreement. Labor Law Conducting business in a union environment provides for another layer of complexity to company operations. XYZ’s leadership must be aware of and understand the basics of labor law and the collective agreements negotiated with the unions representing the workforce. Failure to operate within the parameters of the agreement will result in an unfair labor practice dispute, which affects the profit margins of the shareholders. Labor law, also governed by federal law, state law and judicial decisions, provides statutes that mediate the relationship between workers, employers, unions, and the government with the goal of equalizing the bargaining power between employers and employee (Legal Information Institute [LII], 2014). Collective labor laws focus on the rights of employees to unionize, collectively bargain, arbitrate, and strike, while individual labor law focuses on employment contracts between employers and employees (Caraway, 2009). Collective bargaining consists of negotiations between an employer and a group of employees, typically represented by a union, to determine the conditions of employment and results in a collective agreement. The main body of law governing collective bargaining is the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), which was passed in 1935 (â€Å"Executive Concepts†, 2011). It explicitly grants employees the right to collectively bargain and join trade unions. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is the entity that hears disputes between employers and employees that falls under the purview of the NLRA. The General Council, established by the NLRA, independently investigates and prosecutes cases against violators of the act before the NLRB (LII, 2014). Another aspect of labor law is the act of arbitration, a method of dispute resolution, which is commonly used as an alternative to litigation. A third party arbiter is designated and has binding decision authority for the dispute. While the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) is not applicable to employment contracts, the Uniform Arbitration Act of 1956 was  adopted by 49 states making arbitration enforceable under state and federal law (LII, 2014). There were two key decisions rendered by the Supreme Court that impact labor law, specifically arbitration clauses and class action waivers in contracts (Brill et al, 2013). The Court held that the FAA directive to arbitrate and the arbitration clauses written into employment contracts take precedence over federal requirements to prosecute disputes through the courts. Additionally, this decision strengthens the ability to enforce class waivers written into contracts. While this appears detrimental to employers, the Court balanced this decision with language further defining the rules surrounding class waivers. The court ruled that a class dispute (one brought by more than one plaintiff) can be settled if the primary plaintiff reaches settlement (Brill et al, 2013). In essence, if an XYZ employee files a dispute that is then applied to a class of employees, but a settlement is reached with the initial plaintiff, then the class action is terminated. Effectively, the Supreme Court ruling strengthens the company’s position in regard to employment contracts and protects the company from overzealous claims. As such, arbitration agreements written into XYZ employment contracts should be carefully worded in order to take full advantage of the Court’s decision. Laws specific to the construction industry Several Department of Labor agencies administer programs that are specifically related to the construction industry. Specifically, the Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA), the Wage and Hour Division, and the Office of Federal Contract Compliance all have specified areas of emphasis that regulate XYZ’s primary line of business. OSHA administers all the occupational safety and health standards for the industry. Given the risk to employees across XYZ’s work sites, OSHA regulations are critical to maintain and pose a significant element of cost to the company. While it is prudent to conduct cost-benefit analysis on enacting safety and health policies, sacrificing employee welfare for the bottom line is a dangerous endeavor and can result in unfair labor practices or criminal charges in the extreme. As XYZ competes and wins government construction contracts, there are several statutes that dictate certain conditions for doing business with the federal government that are administered by the USDOL Wage and Hour  Division and the Office of Federal Contract Compliance. The Davis-Bacon Act requires that companies pay the prevailing wages and benefits of the region. Wage rates and other labor standards for employees are set by the McNamara-O-Hara Service Contract Act. The Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act requires materials and supply contractors to pay minimum wages and meet other labor standards. Executive Order 11246 requires equal employment opportunity by all construction contractor firms. Lastly, the Copeland Act’s anti-kickback section precludes any persuasion of an employee to sacrifice any part of their required compensation (USDOL, 2014). These dictated standards all affect the cost of projects and, if not accounted for in the bid and estimation process, will detrimentally impact the profit margins of the company as federal construction contracts are executed. Legal Considerations As XYZ begins the global expansion, it is important to realize that US labor laws are not binding in other countries in regard to foreign workers; the host country laws are in play (â€Å"Executive Concepts†, 2011, p.938). However, Congress expressly extended three US labor laws to expatriates working abroad for US firms. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), and Title VII all extend extraterritorially (Nie, 2012). While XYZ’s staff is well versed in US employment and labor law, foreign labor law is country dependent and it is prudent to conduct targeted research on the specific country’s legal environment considered for expansion. The International Labor Organization (ILO) has drafted 182 conventions and 190 recommendations in their effort to standardize labor practices globally. Enforcement of these efforts is a country responsibility, and as such, there are still large gaps in adoption and application of the various standards (â€Å"Executive Concepts†, 2011). While it is enticing to reduce expenses by sacrificing some of the more costly US labor law practices while abroad, this practice could damage the company’s sterling reputation negatively affecting all future business ventures. As countries in Asia make the transition to democratic states, the door has been opened for improvements in collective and individual labor law, resulting in the creation of unions and the strengthening of workers’ rights. However, unions in developing counties depend upon government  support and, as such, are politically focused keeping the gap between internationally acceptable collective labor practices and reality relatively large (Caraway, 2009). Across Asia, individual labor rights are in a better position. There is a direct correlation between the wealth of a country and the enforced rights of its workers (Caraway, 2009). The most notable impact of this situation is the prevailing wage in each country and the impact on XYZ’s financial position on projects. Using the field support offices at the forward locations to gather this information is crucial to accurate project estimation and contract bidding. As the company transitions from privately owned to publicly held, there are considerations to keep in mind. First, corporate governance will adjust to account for a larger base of stockholders. There is risk that the focus of the company will also shift to a more stockholder centric view, discounting the requirements of the stakeholders (the employees) (Ecchia et al, 2012). This has the potential to lead to the creation of unfair labor practices as priority shifts from maintaining collective agreements to maintaining larger profit margins for the stockholders. Second, shareholders with large equities could pressure the company to offload portions of the workforce or reduce the employee’s benefits in order to improve profitability (Ecchia et al, 2012). As the union leadership monitors corporate business practices, this could lead to a revolt in the workforce and create an environment ripe for a strike thereby shutting down operations until resolved. Any financial gains made by the reduction would be lost to stagnated operations, and as such should be managed carefully. Conclusion Conducting business in the 21st Century is comparable to traversing the proverbial minefield. Legal missteps can cause insurmountable fines and legal fees as a company struggles to maintain good business practices. Understanding employment and labor law is paramount to maintaining a strong and viable company through transformation and expansion that produces profits for its shareholders. References Banks, K. (2011). Trade, Labor and International Governance: An Inquiry into the Potential Effectiveness of the New International Labor Law. Berkeley Journal Of Employment & Labor Law, 32(1), 45-142. Business Source Complete, Accession Number: 67233021 Barnum, Darold T. (1971) From Private to Public Relations in Urban Transit. Industrial & Labor Relations Review. 25(1), 95-115. Business Source Complete, Accession Number: 4459252. 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